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Mark Twain's Weapons of Satire  

Mark Twain's Weapons of Satire: Anti-Imperialist Writings on the Philippine-American War

Mark Twain
Edited by Jim Zwick

Syracuse University Press, 1992
256 pages, 21 illustrations, bibliography, index
Cloth, First Edition

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Featured as the cover story of the April 1992 Atlantic Monthly.

"A book that anyone alert to the course of 20th-century American policy should enjoy greatly while learning (painfully) from it. Twainians will add it to their top shelf of primary, required texts." --Louis J. Budd, Duke University.

"From Biblical days, there has rarely been a welcome mat for the bearers of unwanted messages.... The abolitionists are honored mostly in retrospect. They were 'despised and ostracized, and insulted,' Mark Twain wrote -- 'by the "patriots"': 'None but the dead are permitted to speak truth.' His own anti-imperialist essays are scarcely known. The first collection appeared in 1992; its editor notes that his prominent role in the Anti-Imperialist League, a major preoccupation in the last ten years of his life, 'seems to have remained unmentioned in all biographies.'" --Noam Chomsky, Year 501: The Conquest Continues


Mark Twain was the most prominent literary opponent of the Philippine-American War and served as a vice president of the Anti-Imperialist League from 1901 until his death in 1910. A contemporary newspaper described him as "the most influential anti-imperialist and the most dreaded critic of the sacrosanct person in the White House that the country contains." Today, however, this aspect of his career is barely known.

For the first time, Mark Twain's writings, speeches and interviews on the Philippine-American War are collected in a single volume. Spanning the years from 1900 to 1908, the selections encompass the full spectrum of his statements on the war -- written and spoken, public and private -- and present the full force of his compassion, indignation and caustic sarcasm. Drawing upon the unpublished manuscripts of Mark Twain and various other leaders of the Anti-Imperialist League, Jim Zwick's introduction and headnotes provide the first complete account of Twain's relationship with the anti-imperialist movement and its impact on his writings.


From Twain's Pointed Pen

"I thought it would be a great thing to give a whole lot of freedom to the Filipinos, but I guess now that it's better to let them give it to themselves."
--Anti-Imperialist Homecoming, 1900

"Citizenship? We have none! In place of it we teach patriotism which Samuel Johnson said a hundred and forty or a hundred and fifty years ago was the last refuge of the scoundrel -- and I believe that he was right. I remember when I was a boy and I heard repeated time and time again the phrase, 'My country, right or wrong, my country!' How absolutely absurd is such an idea. How absolutely absurd to teach this idea to the youth of the country."
--True Citizenship at the Children's Theater, 1907

"I was not properly reared, and had the illusion that a flag was a thing which must be sacredly guarded against shameful uses and unclean contacts, lest it suffer pollution; and so when it was sent out to the Philippines to float over a wanton war and a robbing expedition I supposed it was polluted, and in an ignorant moment I said so. But I stand corrected. I concede and acknowledge that it was only the government that sent it on such an errand that was polluted. Let us compromise on that. I am glad to have it that way. For our flag could not well stand pollution, never having been used to it, but it is different with the administration."
--The American Flag, 1901

Reviews

"Reveals the fierceness of Twain's political commitments at the end of his life. Zwick gives a fuller account of Twain's sincere involvement in the Anti-Imperialist League than has hitherto appeared, and the gathered selections of his writings against the Philippine-American war (many never reprinted before and some previously unpublished) effectively demonstrate the depth of his opposition to individual figures... and to American foreign policy and military practice." --American Literary Scholarship, 1992

"Mark Twain's writings sparked intense controversy when they were written, and readers will appreciate the continuing relevance and quotability of his statements on the abuse of patriotism, the 'treason' of requiring school children to salute the flag, the right to dissent, the importance of self-government, and the value of America's democratic and anticolonial traditions." --Philippine Witness

"Brings together all Twain's fulminations... against America's first gropings toward empire during the turn-of-the-century Philippine-American War. Full of rage and disgust over his nation's betrayal of a trusting people, these articles, reviews, letters and notebook entries shed considerable light on the grim determinism and despair that inform Twain's writing during the last decade of his life. Recommended." --Library Journal

"Students and teachers of politics, literature and history are indebted to Jim Zwick for this inspiring collection of wit and passion, much of it previously unpublished." --Philippine Issues (Melbourne)

"Not surprisingly, this is a most readable collection, full of sardonic wit. Twain scholars already familiar with his anti-imperialism will be pleased to discover the new material from archival sources. Zwick's extensive bibliography, sources of texts, and full index complete a valuable book which will appeal to those in the fields of literature, politics and history." --Philip W. Leon, Mississippi Quarterly

"A fresh and substantially documented examination of a major concern of Mark Twain's at the turn of the century." --Thomas A. Tenney, Mark Twain Circular

"This most welcome volume brings together Mark Twain's writings on the Philippine-American War, a collection of diverse material that is greatly enhanced by the editor's introduction and headnotes." --Nineteenth-Century Literature

"Zwick's Introduction and headnotes are exemplary, giving excellent historical and biographical context for the novice and specialist alike." --Robert C. Comeau, Mark Twain Forum

"The relevance of Twain's comments on the right to dissent, the value of America's democratic and anticolonial traditions is startling." --Ephemera News


Contents

Illustrations
Preface
Abbreviations
Introduction
Anti-Imperialist Homecoming
Welcome Home: Lotos Club Dinner Speech
Introducing Winston S. Churchill
A Salutation to the Twentieth Century
The American Flag
Why I Protest: Four Letters
To the Person Sitting in Darkness
Battle Hymn of the Republic (Brought Down to Date)
The Stupendous Procession
The Philippine Incident
Recruits for a Liberty-crucifying Crusade: Letter to William James Lampton
Training That Pays
Civilizations Proceed from the Heart: Letter to Albert Sonnichsen
Patriots and Traitors: Lotos Club Dinner Speech
History 1,000 Years from Now: A Translation
The Fall of the Great Republic
The Secret History of Eddypus, the World Empire
Review of Edwin Wildman's Biography of Aguinaldo
General Funston Is Satire Incarnated
Notes On Patriotism
As Regards Patriotism
A Defence of General Funston
General Funston vs. Huck Finn: Letter to the Denver Post
Dialogue on the Philippines
The Dervish and the Offensive Stranger
Major General Wood, M.D.
The War Prayer
Patriotic America
Three Thousand Years Among the Microbes
Comments on the Moro Massacre
Roosevelt, the American Gentleman
The Anglo-Saxon Race
The Stupendous Joke of the Century
True Patriotism at the Children's Theater
Monarchical and Republican Patriotism
Select Bibliography
Sources of Texts
Index

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